Education: From Coolie to Model Minority and Gook (page 76)
ASIAN AMERICAN EDUCATION TIME LINE
1872 CA no public education for Asian Americans
1885 Tape Decision-Asian Americans provided access to public schools
CA creates segregated schools for Chinese
1906 San Francisco School Board creates segregated schools for Chinese, Japanese, and
Korean students
1924 Mississippi courts segregate Chinese students from Whites
1927 U.S. Supreme Court rules in favor of Japanese language schools in Hawaii
1974 Lau v. Nichols
Representation of Asian Americans in Popular culture is parallel to the representation of Asian Americans in Education
Robert Lee's 5 major images of Asians:
"COOLIE"-Asian worker that worked endless hours at low wages and accepted substantial living conditions
*THREAT TO THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE WHITE WORKING CLASS FAMILY*
"DEVIANT"-Chinese opium den and Asian sexual freedom
*THREAT TO THE MORALITY OF THE WHITE FAMILY*
"YELLOW PERIL"-Asian Americans overrunning the U.S.
*PRIOR TO WWII, THESE STEREOTYPES FUELED THE EDUCATIONAL DISCRIMINATION AND SEGREGATION OF ASIAN AMERICANS*
"MODEL MINORITY"- Evolved during Civil Rights movement of 1960's and 1970's
*TO EUROPEAN AMERICANS, ASIANS WERE NOT ONLY MODEL MINORITY, BUT ALSO MODEL STUDENTS. EUROPEAN AMERICANS CRTITICIZE AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HISPANICS FOR NOT PURSUING THE MODEL MINORITY IMAGE*
"GOOK"- Image is the product of U.S. defeat in Vietnam War and international economic competition
*VIET CONG, CALLED "GOOKS" BY U.S. SOLDIERS, PRESENTED AS FACELESS AND POWERFUL ENEMIES WHO WERE WILLING TO SACRIFICE THEMSELVES TO DESTROY THE ENEMY. ASIANS REPRESENTED AS "GOOKS" THREATEN ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DOMINATION OF EUROPEAN AMERICANS*
1872 CA no public education for Asian Americans
1885 Tape Decision-Asian Americans provided access to public schools
CA creates segregated schools for Chinese
1906 San Francisco School Board creates segregated schools for Chinese, Japanese, and
Korean students
1924 Mississippi courts segregate Chinese students from Whites
1927 U.S. Supreme Court rules in favor of Japanese language schools in Hawaii
1974 Lau v. Nichols
Representation of Asian Americans in Popular culture is parallel to the representation of Asian Americans in Education
Robert Lee's 5 major images of Asians:
"COOLIE"-Asian worker that worked endless hours at low wages and accepted substantial living conditions
*THREAT TO THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE WHITE WORKING CLASS FAMILY*
"DEVIANT"-Chinese opium den and Asian sexual freedom
*THREAT TO THE MORALITY OF THE WHITE FAMILY*
"YELLOW PERIL"-Asian Americans overrunning the U.S.
*PRIOR TO WWII, THESE STEREOTYPES FUELED THE EDUCATIONAL DISCRIMINATION AND SEGREGATION OF ASIAN AMERICANS*
"MODEL MINORITY"- Evolved during Civil Rights movement of 1960's and 1970's
*TO EUROPEAN AMERICANS, ASIANS WERE NOT ONLY MODEL MINORITY, BUT ALSO MODEL STUDENTS. EUROPEAN AMERICANS CRTITICIZE AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HISPANICS FOR NOT PURSUING THE MODEL MINORITY IMAGE*
"GOOK"- Image is the product of U.S. defeat in Vietnam War and international economic competition
*VIET CONG, CALLED "GOOKS" BY U.S. SOLDIERS, PRESENTED AS FACELESS AND POWERFUL ENEMIES WHO WERE WILLING TO SACRIFICE THEMSELVES TO DESTROY THE ENEMY. ASIANS REPRESENTED AS "GOOKS" THREATEN ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DOMINATION OF EUROPEAN AMERICANS*