Citizenship (page 72)

Discussion: Federal government systematically denied citizenship to legal immigrants from some countries of Asia

Naturalization Acts 1790 (Whites only), 1870 (Whites and Africans)

Court cases and Federal laws
1790 Naturalization Act free, white immigrants (M/F) >21 after 2 years in US
US Supreme Court decisions declare who is not White, so excluded from Naturalization Act
1855 Chinese-born Chan Yong not White
1866 (1922 Ozawa v United States) Japanese-born not White
1923 Asian Indians not White U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind

1853 CA Supreme Court Native American laws apply to Chinese
1854 People v. Hall disallows testimony from Chinese immigrants (based on exclusion of Native American "Asiatics"); California Chief Justice rules classification as "Mongolian"
1864 Burlingame Treaty with China (OK in)
1866 Civil Rights Act citizenship for native-born (but not American Indians)
1875 Page Law (no in)
1882 Chinese Exclusion Law bans Chinese laborers; Federal over-rules State
1920's 13 states pass laws saying only citizens can own land
WWII 1941 - 1945 Japanese American internment in concentration camps (term controversy) (110K)
WWII 1943 Congress cancels Chinese Exclusion Law and allows naturalization for Chinese
1946 Naturalization open to India and Philippine natives
1952 McCarran-Walter Act cancels 1790 race restrictions from Naturalization Act
1965 Immigration Act ends Asian discrimination
Annual 170K Eastern Hemisphere: 20K immigrants/country
          1990 1/4 of foreign-born from Asia (WAS 1/10) (X 2.5)

p.76 has 1990 census numbers
          compare to 2000 census
          Asian Indian UP; Others DOWN; Multi NEW CATEGORY